Theories of Causation : Theory of Equivalence of Conditions
This Article part of The Objective Imputation Theory in Criminal Law Series
Among the theories of causation that more importance have, we have the following:
v Theory of equivalence of conditions.
v Individualizing theories.
v Theory of adequacy.
v Theory of adequate causation.
v Relevant theory of causation.
v Theory the ban back.
v Theory of causation.
The following explains the main features of each of the theories mentioned above.
Theory of equivalence of conditions
The theory of the equivalence of conditions is becoming known in Germany from 1843, with Stuart Mall Years later the theory is developed by Von Buri in 1873. Von Buri understand that not only the sum of a variety of elements is cause of a phenomenon, but also each of these forces individually considered in turn causes an outcome. (Reyes Alvarado, op.cit, p.41). The doctrine of the time came to explain that all conditions for the production of an outcome is both the cause of it, so any condition is equivalent to a cause and then comes, just the name of the theory. (Vargas Gonzalez et al, 1998, p.34).
According to this theory, a result causes any negative or positive condition involved in the production of a result, all may be considered because of it, making it impossible to differences between causes and conditions. The procedure to determine when in the presence of a cause is the conditio sine qua non, which states that if certain condition mentally deleted and the result disappears, the condition causes the same conditions (without which the result has not been produced). (Larrauri, 2002, p. 82).
The theory of the equivalence of conditions, works in most cases with the formula that should be considered because any condition of a result that can not be suppressed mentally disappears without concrete results, ie because it is valid as all conditio sine qua non, without which all would not have produced the result. So eg, if a motorist driving drunk can not control your vehicle or invade the other side of the road, which produces a collision with another car coming from the front, having consumed alcohol is causal with respect to that accident, but if you delete it mentally, the driver of the car had continued on the correct side of the road and the accident had taken place.
And according to that same formula, are also causes of both car manufacturers and also others which have led to the conduct of both, and a further accumulation of circumstances that have influenced the event (eg, construction of the road The invention of the engine, etc..). Therefore not made any selection among the numerous conditions of any outcome, but instead are considered equivalent (so the same value) all the conditions and the equivalence trial owes its name to the theory of equivalence. (Roxin, 2002, pp. 122-123).
This theory of the view that any outcome is determined and verified by a set of causal antecedents. Therefore, the cause is the combination of causal antecedents. Therefore, the cause is the combination of conditions or antecedents that have contributed to the causal production of the result. In other words, as outlined before the cause is the combination of background and necessary and sufficient conditions to produce the result, but as Von Buri, could be caused by each of the conditions, provided that she does not present as a condition without which each of the conditions, provided it is presented as a condition without which the outcome had not occurred because each of the antecedents or conditions of the result of equal value. Hence the name of theory of equivalence. (Ibáñez, 2002, p-275).
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